The structural systems that are commonly used in the design of high-rise buildings include: frame structure system, load-bearing wall structure system, composite frame-wall system, tubular structure system and box structure system.
I. Principles of material selection in structural design of high-rise buildings
Materials in structural design of high-rise buildings are usually reinforced concrete, it needs to ensure technical features such as bearing strength, deformation and fire resistance.
Concrete used for load-bearing structures in the design of high-rise buildings should have a grade of 300 or higher for normal structures. Concrete with grade 350 or higher for prestressed reinforced concrete structures.
The steel used in the design of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings should be of high strength. When using section steel to be a steel-reinforced concrete composite structure, it must be at the request of the designer.
II. What is the design of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings?
Design of reinforced concrete structures is the work of drawing up load-bearing structures in construction such as foundations, columns, beams, floors, walls, stairs, etc.
Design requirements so that these components are closely linked together to form a solid framework for the building. The structure of the work has the effect of preventing and limiting the impact of forces during the construction process, keeping stability and solidity of each construction work.
Designing reinforced concrete structures is a complicated job, requiring a team of engineers with high expertise and practical experience.
III. Structural selection for structural design of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings
The all-block reinforced concrete structural systems commonly used in the construction of high-rise buildings include: frame structure system, load-bearing wall structure system, composite frame-wall system, tubular structure system and system box texture.
The choice of any type of structural system depends on the specific conditions of the building, its use, the height of the building or the magnitude of the lateral load (earthquake, wind, etc.)
IV. 6 structural systems are widely used in the design of high-rise buildings
Features of the frame structure system in high-rise building construction
The frame structure system is capable of creating larger, more flexible spaces, suitable for public works such as supermarkets, office buildings or commercial centers, etc.
The frame structure system has a clear working diagram, but it is less effective for works of high heights.
Reinforced concrete frame structures are used for buildings with a height of up to 20 storeys for earthquake prevention < 7,15 floors for houses in earthquake zones of grade 8 and 10-storey buildings with 9th-grade earthquake.
2. Features of the frame structure system with rigid walls and rigid cores in high-rise building construction
The hard-wall structural system can be arranged as a system in one direction, two directions or linked together into spatial systems called hard cores.
The important feature of this type of structure is its good horizontal bearing capacity, so it is often used for buildings with a height of more than 20 floors.
However, the lateral stiffness of the rigid walls proves to be effective at certain heights, when the building height is large, the stiffener itself must be sufficiently large, which is difficult to achieve. In addition, the hard wall system in the building is an obstacle to creating large spaces.
In fact, the rigid wall structure system is often used for residential buildings and hotels with a height of not more than 40 storeys, for earthquake rooms below level 7.
3. Features of the frame-bracing system (frame and rigid wall) in high-rise building construction
The frame-bracing system is created by a combination of the air system and the rigid wall system.
Hardwall systems are usually created in the areas of stairs, elevators, common toilets or at boundary walls. The frame system is arranged in the remaining areas of the house. These two systems are linked together through the floor structure system.
The frame-bracing system is considered optimal for many types of high-rise buildings, often used for houses of 40 storeys or more. If the building is located in the earthquake zone of level 8, the maximum height is 30 storeys, the earthquake level 9 is 20 storeys.
4. Features of special structural systems in high-rise building construction
The special structural system consists of a space system on the lower floors and an upper bracing system. This type of structure is specially used for buildings where the lower floors require large space.
This type of structural system has the same application scope as the braced frame system, but in the design, special attention should be paid to the space frame system in the lower floors and the structure of the transition floor from the space frame system to the frame-bracing system.
The design method for this structural system is quite complicated, especially the problem of seismic design.
5. Features of tubular structural system in high-rise building construction
The tubular structural system can be composed of a girder around the house consisting of a system of columns, beams, and braces that can also be composed of a pipe-in-tube system.
In many cases, people construct pipes on the outside, while inside the house is a system of frames or rigid walls or a combination of both.
The tubular structural system has great horizontal stiffness, suitable for buildings with a height of over 25 storeys and a maximum of 70 storeys, buildings under 25 storeys rarely use this type of structure.
6. Features of box structure system in high-rise building construction
For works of high size and large ground size, in addition to creating a frame system around as a pipe wall, the loaders also create the inner walls with a frame system with a network of columns arranged in rows.
This structural system has a large horizontal bearing capacity suitable for very high buildings, up to 100 storeys.
V. MAC ENGINEERS VIETNAM - a prestigious high-rise building design place
With high expertise and many years of operation experiences, MAC has been one of the structural design consulting places with many partners.
We have staff with high dedication, highly skilled engineers and technicians with many years of experiences in the field of modern design. The structural designs of high-rise buildings of MAC always ensure certainty and quality.
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